فصلنامه توسعه ی آموزش جندی شاپور
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 42، بهار 1401)

The development of medical education is one of the categories that has been considered in recent years with the expansion and increasing influence on the teaching and learning processes. In recent decades, various universities around the world have purposefully used summer schools to develop and strengthen the capabilities of students. The aim was to investigate the effect of summer school training medical education by team-based learning and gamification on knowledge, satisfaction of medical students in the country.  The target group was medical students across the country who were surveyed by census method. In this quasi-experimental one-group method, pre-test-post-test was used. delivering a blended learning course with an enriched model with a combination of theoretical education, reviewing content with Kahoot software, providing individual and group seminars, and solving daily problems on social networks and through the Skyroom platform. The comparison of pre-test and post-test showed that the training course had a positive effect on increasing students' knowledge and the satisfaction score of the training course was more than expected. The results of the present study showed that the summer school of medical education could have a positive effect on improving students' knowledge and satisfaction compared to before the course. Therefore, selective and short-term purposeful courses using new teaching methods such as game-base and team-based learning, is a good way to strengthen the abilities and meta-abilities of students, which can also be used in formal education.

The main purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate model of participatory governance in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in crisis management of emerging diseases. This research is a combined research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section includes experts consisting of university professors and managers and experts of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. According to the snowball sampling method, 14 people were present in the qualitative part of the research as a sample. In a small section, 140 managers and experts of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education were present. The research data collection tool is a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The Delphi technique has been used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and the structural equation technique has been used in the quantitative part. The results showed that a total of 60 indicators in the form of 10 factors were identified as factors affecting participatory governance in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in crisis management of emerging diseases. These 10 factors are; Strategic interaction, trust building, skills, rules and regulations, participation cycle sustainability, accountability, coalition actors, strategic foresight, partnership management and entrepreneurial strategic thinking.

The aim of this study was to teach medical students the multivariate linear mixed statistical model in multiple longitudinal data: A case study of child development data. The research method was descriptive-analytical and based on longitudinal data. The statistical population of the study consisted of 100 students who were randomly selected and participated in two training workshops based on statistical modeling of t and normal mixed multivariate linear distributions based on children's growth data (height, weight and head circumference). After the training course, they participated in practical test. Mean and standard deviation and statistical modeling of multivariate mixed linear t-distribution were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the amount of height variable parameters according to MtLMM and MnLMM models for breastfed infants was significantly higher than formula (P <0.05). Also, the estimation of weight variable parameters for infants who used formula was significantly higher (P <0.05) compared to infants who consumed only formula. The trainings provided to the two groups led to a significant increase in students' learning (P <0.05). The students stated that teaching a multivariate statistical model in longitudinal data revealed the important of using this model in medical research and life sciences.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of productivity management of faculty members of Islamic Azad universities in Tehran province. It was an exploratory mix in terms of development goal, data and implementation method. The participating community was interviewed by 30 experts in the field of productivity and human resource management, who were purposefully selected as a statistical sample, provided that theoretical saturation was achieved. The statistical population of the quantitative section was 4465 members of the faculty and educational directors of the free universities of Tehran province, of which 353 people were selected as a sample through the Cochran's formula and in a multi-stage cluster method. The method of data collection was library and field including semi-structured interview (qualitative part) and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative part). To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the content analysis method and maxqoda12 software were used. The results showed that the dimensions of productivity management in the management dimension include components (executive and leadership) organizational dimension including components (people management and communication) environmental dimension including components (internal factors and external factors) individual dimension including components ((Personality traits and moral characteristics) of the job dimension included components (job-individual and job-organizational) value dimension included components (related to the person and related to the job). According to the dimensions and components, a model was presented that has a good fit.

The aim of this study was to investigate the bottlenecks and obstacles to the internationalization of the curriculum in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory mix (phenomenology-correlation) in terms of the nature of the collected data. The community of research participants consisted of professors of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. In the qualitative section, using the theoretical purposive sampling method, 32 people and in the quantitative section, based on the Cochran's formula and using the cluster sampling method, 235 professors were selected. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part was the content analysis technique and in the quantitative part was the confirmatory factor analysis technique in the Pls software platform. The results of the qualitative section led to the identification of five main themes including infrastructure, constraints, educational process, executive and services. In a small part, the validity and reliability of the mentioned themes were confirmed. Therefore, paying attention to the bottlenecks and obstacles for the quality development of the University of Medical Sciences with the aim of moving towards globalization is very useful and effective, so that it can be said that a university can act on a global scale with these factors.

In the present society, knowledge commercialization is the most important responsibility of universities, especially medical universities, in linking universities with industry and sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and prioritize knowledge commercialization indicators in Dezful University of Medical Sciences. This study was conducted in terms of applied purpose using a qualitative and quantitative integrated approach. The statistical population consisted of all employees of Dezful University of Medical Sciences and the sample consisted of 37 employees who were selected by census method. To measure the variables, a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability had already been confirmed was used. Spss software version 1.8 and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. The results indicated a significant difference between the theoretical average and the empirical mean in all items of structural, human and relational indicators of knowledge commercialization and employees reported the mentioned indicators as desirable.

The purpose of this study is to design, validity and reliability of students' hidden curriculum questionnaire. The research is of descriptive and instrumental type and is in the category of survey research. The initial questionnaire was designed in 66 items with a combination of document study, research and semi-structured interviews with experts of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Formal validity, content-dependent validity was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively, and construct validity was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. After determining the content validity quantitatively and qualitatively and the construct validity, the questionnaire was reduced to 52 items. The threshold coefficient was calculated for all items of the questionnaire and for all items more than 50% of the respondents answered the appropriate option and the threshold coefficient of all items above/ 42. Was obtained, and their validity was finally confirmed. The result is that the hidden curriculum questionnaire has good validity and reliability.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate e-learning courses based on Addie's design elements in higher education. The research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in the first semester of academic year 1399-1998. The sample size was 222 students of Medical and Dental School using multistage cluster sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 30 questions with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 94/7. Data were analysed by SPSS 23 software using descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, one-sample t-test and dependent t-test. The findings showed that the suitability of e-learning courses (asynchronous combination) based on Addie's educational design elements in the aspects of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation were significantly (p <0.05) higher than the average level. And this level of desirability made a significant difference in e-learning and in-person sessions. Therefore, the desirability of face-to-face and electronic sessions in terms of analysis, development, and implementation alike, but in terms of design and evaluation of face-to-face meetings, is more than electronic ones. Therefore, it can be said that one of the types of e-learning, combined (dual) training, especially the non-simultaneous type, is one of the best educational approaches for use in higher education. It depends on how well they are considered.

Today, E-learning is an integral part of the education system, which has become a practical tool for implementing educational programs in many universities due to its many benefits and Covid 19 epidemic. The aim of this study is evaluating the quality of virtual education from the point of view of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences students. The information of this descriptive-analytical study was collected using a researcher made questionnaire with five main components including educational content, technological infrastructure, educational environment, evaluation and feedback and interaction between student and teacher based on Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 Software. After determining the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, it was completed by 404 students. The mean of educational content 20.75±10.29, technological infrastructure 13.50±5.89, educational environment 18.31±6.61, evaluation and feedback 26.80±6.85 and interaction between student and teacher 16.64±5.73, were reported medium, medium, medium, good and medium, respectively. The general satisfaction of students was calculated with the virtual education method in the Navid system 5.49±2.59 and the review and supervision of the Education Development Center on the quality of educational content provided 2.56±1.43. Considering the economic, educational, cultural and temporal benefits of virtual education, it is suggested that in the coming semesters and in the post crisis period, university officials and policy makers have the necessary planning for combined education.

This study aimed to compare the effect of collaborative learning and traditional learning methods on medical students' communication skills at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 1398. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population in this study was all basic science students of Shiraz Medical School in 1998. The statistical sample was determined based on Cochran's formula of 208 people. Those who were trained in collaborative learning and communication skills before and after training were examined. The Queen Livestock Communication Skills Questionnaire, which consisted of 34 questions published by the Queen Livestock Institute (2004), was used in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Student's t-test and paired comparison in SPSS software (23). The present study's findings showed that students' mean and standard deviation is the traditional educational method (140.54 46 2.46), and the mean and standard deviation of students is the collaborative educational method (142.31 98 1.98). Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that students trained collaboratively have higher insights and knowledge about the communication process and have more determination than students of the traditional method. The results showed that the collaborative educational method affected students 'communication skills. Students had more communication skills than before; education and collaborative learning significantly improved students' communication skills in the participation-oriented group.

The aim of this study was to present a model of professional ethics in the health education system of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of collection. The statistical population of this research was experts and professors of management who were experts in the pathology of professional ethics in the health education system. The sampling method was selected selectively according to the objectives and parameters that are studied in the research. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Findings showed that according to the coding results, the pathology of professional ethics in the health education system is affected by the following factors: a. The process of drafting a charter of professional ethics in the organization, b. Professional ethics promotion package in the organization, c. Professional ethics and its necessity in the organization, d. Professional ethics training, e. Policy and mesh line, St. Recruitment and employment of ethics-oriented staff, g. Promoting the development of professional ethics. Findings the present study also showed that strategic factors play a role in explaining the pathology of professional ethics in the health education system. The conditions of strategies are based on actions and reactions to control, manage and deal with the phenomenon.

Medical disciplines are complex and difficult professions that use their special sciences and skills to promote physical, mental and social health. Clinical reasoning is one of the main competencies of a physician that medicine students must achieve this before being eligible in medicine. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to design a model of clinical reasoning competencies for medical students with meta-combination approach. This qualitative study was conducted using the six-step method of Sandloski and Barroso (2007). The meta-combination team consisted of a physician and three curriculum specialists who were proficient in the meta-combination research method. 18 related research sources were used as the basis for the analysis, which resulted in the extraction of 34 basic themes. Data validation was verified using validation and transferability techniques through researchers' self-review and data alignment, and reliability was accurately guided to the process of data collection and researcher alignment. Based on the research results, the eight main themes of diagnosing the disease, applying knowledge, paying attention to the patient's signs and symptoms, making the right decisions, converting patient information into medical information (diagnostic reasoning), problem solving (clinical reasoning analysis), taking a history of patient and physical examination and interpretation of diagnostic tests are factors in the pattern of clinical reasoning competencies of medical students, which are very important in this regard. In general, the findings of this article showed that it is necessary to consider clinical reasoning skills as thought processes used by physicians in formulating appropriate questions and diagnoses, so it is essential to provide quality health care.

An Internship in the field is one of the courses that students should be trained in a real work environment. Internship course plays a key role in shaping students' core skills and professional competencies. The purpose of this study was to determine the executive strategies of internship training program in the field of public health in the School of Health of Golestan University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2019-2020 in Golestan province. Participants in the study were 31 undergraduate public health graduates who completed their internship at the School of Public Health, undergraduate public health students who had completed at least one semester of internship, instructors, and faculty members of the Department of Public Health. They were purposefully selected. Data were collected by group and individual interviews and Analyzed by content analysis method in Atlas.ti 8 software. The executive strategies to improve the internship situation in the field of public health were explained in 5 main topics (Upgrading the educational system, planning and preparation before internship, internship management, improving the situation in the internship area and monitoring and evaluating students) and 24 sub-topics. The selection of appropriate strategies to improve the current situation in the framework of the operational plan, can lead to quantitative and qualitative improvementof internship in public health at Golestan University of Medical Sciences.

To improve the knowledge and performance of the resuscitation team, we decided to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation training in small groups on the performance of the neonatal resuscitation team at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz. In this interventional study, a single group of pre-test and post-test, 45 nursing staff and pediatric assistants were present using a simple random method. The workshop was held in three stages of training individual skills, integrated and technical, and finally by simulating the conditions of the delivery room, different scenarios were presented to all people and resuscitation operations were filmed separately. Individuals evaluated their performance based on the 2016 Neonatal Resuscitation Program checklist and were guided by a trainer. After 6 months, using a handmade checklist, the effect of training on individual skills, cognitive, technical and experience of individuals was analyzed using SPSS23 software with paired t-test. The mean scores of cognitive, behavioral, technical and experiential skills of learners after training with simulation and reporting methods in small groups increased significantly, the level of significance is respectively(P=0.03), (P=0.001), (P=0.001), (P=0.001). Holding resuscitation report sessions and group training of nurses and specialists in small groups is effective in improving the skills required by the resuscitation team, and people's experience shows that this method is also effective in improving people's self-confidence and improving their performance.

Today, knowledge management is considered as an essential and forward-looking strategy to gain a competitive advantage and maintain survival and improve organizational performance. The aim of this study was investigate the phenomenological of knowledge management in the units of the Islamic Azad University of West Azerbaijan province. This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was the faculty members of units of the Islamic Azad University of West Azerbaijan in the academic year 2020-21, which number of 18 people of them were selected as a sample by purposive sampling according to the principle of theoretical saturation and after reviewing the inclusion criteria. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method, which its validity and reliability were assessed appropriate. Data were analyzed by method of content analysis by seven-step Colaizzi method in MAXQDA software. Findings showed that the eight main theme of knowledge management were included of infrastructure and information technology, knowledge management processes, organizational structure and environment, intellectual and innovative capital, human resources and education, knowledge leadership, management and organizational culture. According to the results of this study, planning to improve knowledge management through mentioned themes is essential that for this purpose can be used from workshops.

The purpose of this study was to design and develop a self-learning framework for university students. The research was applied in terms of purpose and sequentially exploratory in terms of mixed method. The statistical population of the study includes three sections: a- 120 professors of educational sciences and psychology of Tehran and Gilan universities who were selected by sampling in two stages, b- Students of public and free universities of Tehran, Gilan and Alborz provinces, sample 450 The person selected using G-Power, c- 31 subject matter experts and experts who participated in the study to assess the appropriateness of the self-learning framework. The research tools were three researcher-made self-learning questionnaires based on research background and literature, the standard student self-learning questionnaire and the degree of appropriateness of students' self-learning framework. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics of Kolmograph-Smirnov test, Camus test, Bartlett test and exploratory factor analysis, one-sample t-test, structural equation analysis, path analysis and framework fit test are used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the dimensions and components of students' self-learning include six components of self-leadership in learning, self-regulatory skills, critical thinking, adult education, learning environment and learning styles. Also, the standard questionnaire of students' self-learning with 5 components and 67 questions was developed after three field performances. The extractive framework of students' self-learning includes the philosophy, goals, dimensions and components of self-learning, implementation and evaluation of the framework, which was evaluated as desirable by experts.

Universities play an important role in regional dynamism and growth. On the one hand, universities are major economic factors and have a direct impact on economic and local activities, and on the other hand, universities contribute to the cultural ecology and natural environment of the region to which they belong. The present research has been done with the aim of presenting the fourth generation university model with a qualitative approach and with the theme analysis method. The statistical population consisted of academic and organizational experts who were selected by a purposeful (judgmental) method and the interview was continued to the point of theoretical saturation. This is important in the twelfth interview. "Peer review and review by participants" and "reliability between two coders and retest" were used to confirm the reliability of the research. With three coding steps (example, main theme, sub-theme); axes have been identified based on the research results; key relationships including the relationship between university and society, alignment of university mission and community goals, and the relationship between university and industry were identified. Impact factors and consequences were also identified. Outcomes including internal and external consequences were examined.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting educational justice and its role in the dynamism and vitality of students of Payame Noor University of Tehran to provide a model. The research method was a combination of exploratory mixed research design (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section included (university experts, faculty members and university officials) to agree on the Delphi method. The sample size in the qualitative section was determined to be 17 by considering the saturation law. And in a small part of the statistical population, it included students of Payame Noor in Tehran province. In the quantitative part, the sample size was 274 people. Quantitative sampling method was multi-stage cluster random sampling. The method of data collection was library method and measurement tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and in the quantitative part included a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which were taken from the data obtained from the interview. Data analysis in the qualitative part of Delphi technique and in the quantitative part of structural equation modeling and regression analysis using SPSS22 and LISREL software. Findings showed that the factors affecting educational justice, which includes three dimensions (1- distributive justice, 2- interactive justice, 3- procedural justice), amount to 45% in student dynamics, which includes two dimensions (1- Technology is central, 2- learner is central) and is 55% in the vitality of students of Payame Noor University of Tehran province.

The behavior and performance of the leaders of start-up businesses can be the most important factor driving the business towards success and performance improvement. One of the behaviors that organizational leaders adopt to advance their goals in the organization is ambivalence. The current research is based on the deviation of the current situation from the desired situation, following the design of a dual leadership model in new knowledge-based businesses. The strategy of the current research was to solve the met combination problem with a qualitative approach and content analysis tactics. The current research has used the seven main steps mentioned by Sandlovski and Barroso (2007) to carry out the research steps. The data collection tool of the current research is a checklist (in the section of library studies) and a questionnaire (in the section of analyzes related to the prioritization of codes and Shannon's entropy). The research data analysis method was done by coding and summarizing data in MaxQda qualitative data analysis software. In the research analysis portfolio, using the screening process, 34 studies have been summarized in the form of 40 primary codes, 11 concepts and 4 categories, which is the highest abstraction level of the codes. In the document quality control phase, the reliability value of these codes based on the Kappa coefficient is 0.723 was obtained and then the codes were classified using the Shannon entropy method. Finally, after going through the seven main steps of the research model, the results and suggestions of the research were presented. The results of the present study show that the antecedents or factors that affect ambidextrous leadership behaviors include the capabilities of start-up businesses, entrepreneurial orientation, innovation tasks, and leader characteristics. The capabilities of business in the present research include growth tendency, networking ability and market diversity.